• Overview of the TRIPS Agreement
• Intellectual property rights: Patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets
• The role of TRIPS in global trade and innovation
• The patent system: Obtaining, maintaining, and enforcing patents
• Pharmaceutical patent eligibility: Criteria for patentability
• The role of patents in drug development and commercialization
• The balance between innovation and access
• Compulsory licensing: A tool for addressing public health needs
• International initiatives to promote access to essential medicines
• Patent thickets and evergreening: Strategies to extend patent protection
• Patent litigation and disputes: Resolving conflicts over patent rights
• The impact of generic competition on innovation and pricing
• Biosimilars and biopharmaceuticals: Patent challenges and regulatory frameworks
• Patent term adjustments and data exclusivity: Strategies to protect innovation
• The future of TRIPS and pharmaceutical patents in the global context