• Historical Context:
o The development of nuclear weapons
o The Cold War and nuclear deterrence
• The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT):
o Key provisions of the NPT
o Non-proliferation obligations
o Peaceful uses of nuclear energy
• IAEA Safeguards System:
o Safeguards agreements and additional protocols
o Verification and inspection procedures
o Nuclear material accountancy and control
• Challenges and Limitations of IAEA Safeguards:
o Illicit nuclear activities and nuclear terrorism
o Strengthening the IAEA safeguards system
• Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones:
o Treaties and agreements establishing NWFZs
o Challenges and opportunities for NWFZs
• Regional Security Arrangements:
o Nuclear-weapon-free zones in specific regions (e.g., Latin America, Africa, Southeast Asia)
o Confidence-building measures and arms control
• Nuclear Security:
o Physical protection of nuclear materials and facilities
o Cybersecurity and cyber threats to nuclear facilities
o International standards and guidelines
• Nuclear Terrorism and Illicit Trafficking:
o Threats and vulnerabilities
o International cooperation in combating nuclear terrorism
• Nuclear Weapons Modernization:
o Impact on the nuclear non-proliferation regime
o Arms control negotiations and diplomacy
• Nuclear Energy and Non-Proliferation:
o The role of nuclear energy in a low-carbon future
o Ensuring the peaceful use of nuclear energy
• The Future of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime:
o Challenges and opportunities
o Strengthening the international nuclear non-proliferation architecture