• Fundamentals of cryptography: Hashing, symmetric encryption, asymmetric encryption
• Encryption algorithms: DES, AES, RSA, ECC
• Key management and distribution
• Block ciphers: DES, AES, 3DES
• Stream ciphers: RC4, Salsa20, ChaCha20
• Modes of operation: ECB, CBC, CFB, OFB, CTR
• Public-key cryptography: RSA, ECC
• Digital signatures: RSA, DSA
• Key exchange protocols: Diffie-Hellman, Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman
• Quantum cryptography: Post-quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution
• Homomorphic encryption: Secure computation on encrypted data
• Zero-knowledge proofs: Proving knowledge without revealing information
• Encryption standards and guidelines: NIST SP 800-170
• Encryption in cloud environments
• Real-world case studies of encryption breaches and lessons learned