• Basic Accounting Principles:
o The accounting equation
o The double-entry system
o The accounting cycle
• Financial Statements:
o The balance sheet
o The income statement
o The cash flow statement
• Ratio Analysis:
o Liquidity ratios
o Solvency ratios
o Profitability ratios
o Efficiency ratios
• Interpreting Financial Statements:
o Understanding the impact of business decisions on financial performance
o Identifying trends and patterns in financial data
• Budgeting Process:
o Developing a budget
o Monitoring budget performance
o Variance analysis
• Forecasting Techniques:
o Forecasting methods (trend analysis, regression analysis)
o Sensitivity analysis
o Scenario planning
• Cost Concepts:
o Direct and indirect costs
o Fixed and variable costs
o Product and period costs
• Cost Accounting Systems:
o Job order costing
o Process costing
o Activity-based costing (ABC)
• Financial Decision Making:
o Capital budgeting techniques (NPV, IRR, payback period)
o Risk assessment and management
• Ethical Considerations in Accounting:
o Ethical standards and professional conduct
o Fraud prevention and detection
o Corporate social responsibility